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The polydifferential ("traditional") classification of words is based on the three criteria: semantic, formal, and functional. In Modern Linguistics parts of speech are differentiated either by a number of criteria, or by a single criterion. It is not accidental that the theoretical study of language in the history of science began with the attempts to identify and describe grammatical classes of words called "parts of speech". In modern linguistic descriptions different types of word classes are distinguished: grammatical, etymological, semantic, stylistic, etc., one can presume, though, that no classification can be adequate to its aim if it ignores the grammatical principles.

However, the question is much less simple with reference to some other types of words, and a general defin i tion of the principles on which the classification of parts of speech is based becomes absolutely necessary. Tense is one of the distinctive features characterising the verb as against every other type of word. Thus, while it is perfectly reasonable to ask, "What is the past tense of the word live?" (the answer of course is, lived), it would make no sense to ask, "What is the past tense of the word city?" or "What is the past tense of the word big?" Those words just have not got any past tense, or any tense whatever, for that ma t ter: the notion of tense cannot be applied to them. To take the clearest example of all, the verb is a type of word different from all other types in that it alone has the grammatical category of tense. What is meant by a "part of speech" is a type of word differing from other types in some grammatical point or points. The term "parts of speech" (as well as the corresponding terms in Russian, German, French, and other languages), though firmly established, is not a very happy one. We shall have to examine here briefly a few general questions concerning parts of speech which are of some importance for Modern English. The problem of parts of speech is one that causes great contr o versies both in general linguistic theory and in the analysis of separate languages. Principles of Grammatical Classification of Words.Pronouns and their properties in the light of the syntactico-distributional classification,Ħ. Functional words and their properties in the light of The notion of lexical paradigm of nomination.ĥ. The syntactico-distributional classification of words.ģ. The traditional classification of words.Ģ. Principles of grammatical classification of words.